Legal Chalk

  DEVELOPMENT CYRUS The origins of Human Rights are ideally pinpointed to the year 539 BC. When the troops of Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon. Cyrus freed the slaves, declared that all people had the right to choose their own religion, and established racial equality. These and other principles were recorded on a baked-clay cylinder known as the Cyrus Cylinder, whose provisions served as inspiration for the first four Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Middle Ages -   During the era,  notable thinkers like Albert (1079-1142) and Thomas (1224-1274) developed the Theory of Natural Law as a higher Principle of Law to be derived from reason. But, neither of the two make the human personality as the main focus of law and social life.  Thomas Aquinas believed in and favored the existence of slavery.  More emphasis was laid on the development of the principle of sovereignty and not on the development of the theory of human ri...

  MEANING  The term Human Rights denotes all those rights which are inherent in their nature and without which we cannot live as human beings.  Human Rights being eternal part of the nature of nature of human beings. “Human rights” are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of our nationality, residence, sex, sexual orientation and gender identity, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination.   This is the modern concept of our fundamental rights but it was not always this way.  The belief that everyone, by virtue of her or his humanity, is entitled to certain human rights is fairly new and is something stemming from an evolution of the consideration of human dignity over the last centuries.  Its roots lie in earlier tradition and documents of many cultures.   According to Prof. Herald Laski “rights are those conditions of soci...

  INTRODUCTION For over four thousand years, the caste system has been the foundation of Hindu culture. The caste system was one of the many evils that plagued Indian society in the past. According to legend, the caste system was created with the aim of splitting humanity into four distinct classes based on the kind of job they did. In terms of social and cultural respects, the major Hindu caste groups are Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, with each of these Hindu caste groups having several castes and subcastes. These sub-castes have their own set of customary rules that are strictly adhered to by their members. They are so rigid in nature that breaking them through result in a boycott by the whole community in which the offender lives. The same can be said for marriages between couples from separate caste communities. If inter-caste marriages occur, it becomes a customary crime for which innocent spouses are made to pay the price by being killed by their own families o...

Introduction  Patriarchy is the prime obstacle to women’s advancement and development. Despite differences in levels of domination the broad principles remain the same, i.e. men are in control. The nature of this control may differ. So it is necessary to understand the system, which keeps women dominated and subordinate, and to unravel its workings in order to work for women’s development in a systematic way. In the modern world where women go ahead by their merit, patriarchy there creates obstacles for women to go forward in society. Because patriarchal institutions and social relations are responsible for the inferior or secondary status of women. Patriarchal society gives absolute priority to men and to some extent limits women’s human rights also. Patriarchy refers to the male domination both in public and private spheres. In this way, feminists use the term ‘patriarchy’ to describe the power relationship between men and women as well as to find out the root cause of women’s su...